Current US president Donald Trump introduced a universal 10% tariff on imports and higher specific rates for countries like China and Japan, signaling a major shift in US trade policy.

On Apr 2, 2025, Donald Trump announced aggressive US tariffs, including a universal 10% levy on all imports alongside specific rates of 34% on China, 24% on Japan and 20% on the European Union (EU), while the absence of tariffs on Russia was a notable exception. This policy shift resulted in significant volatility in both traditional and cryptocurrency markets.

The timing of Trump's announcement was widely speculated to be strategic, occurring shortly after US stock markets closed in order to mitigate immediate market reactions. However, the following day, Apr 3, 2025, saw substantial declines: the S&P 500 dropped over 5.1%, and the Nasdaq Composite fell more than 5.6%, reflecting investor anxieties about potential economic disruptions and heightened inflation. 

This marked the fifth-worst trading day of the 2020s, with parallels drawn to the infamous Black Thursday in March 2020. But in stark contrast, Bitcoin displayed remarkable resilience, trading around $81.7K, a mere 6% drop from its local bottom of $77K recorded on Mar 10, 2025. This stability suggests that investors may increasingly be viewing cryptocurrencies as a hedge against geopolitical uncertainties, since Bitcoin’s decentralized nature allows it to operate independently of tariffs and supply chain disruptions that affect traditional assets.

Trump characterized the tariff announcement as the beginning of a "Liberation Day," introducing a two-tier system where the universal 10% tariff would take effect on Apr 5, 2025, while reciprocal tariffs targeting around 60 countries would follow on April 9. This reciprocal approach aims to counterbalance existing tariffs imposed by other nations on American products, pushing countries and regions like China, Japan and the EU to reconsider their trade policies. During his speech, Trump presented a chart illustrating the disparities in tariff rates, using it to justify the administration's stance on the need for these measures to correct long-standing trade imbalances.

The implications for Asian countries are particularly severe, with many facing the highest tariffs, including Cambodia at 49%, Laos at 48% and Madagascar at 47%. Economists who favor proactive trade policies view these tariffs as a negotiation tactic, often referred to as a "game of chicken," whereby the US essentially dares other nations to either accept new, more favorable trade terms or face increased costs for their exports to the US. 

Trump argues that many countries impose heavy taxes on American goods that make them less competitive abroad. He believes that by introducing these tariffs, other nations will be compelled to lower their own export taxes on US products, fostering fairer trade conditions. However, critics warn that this strategy could backfire, potentially igniting a trade war damaging to every country and area involved. They express concerns that retaliatory tariffs from other countries might lead to increased costs for American consumers and economic uncertainty for businesses. 

The success of Trump's tariff policy ultimately hinges on whether other nations choose cooperation over confrontation. Proponents of the strategy argue that countries might fear losing access to the lucrative US market, prompting them to negotiate more favorable terms for American exports. If successful, this could theoretically boost US jobs and profits.

In summary, as the situation evolves, the effects of these tariffs on global trade dynamics and market stability remain to be seen, with potentially far-reaching implications for both traditional and cryptocurrency markets.

Amidst the tumultuous landscape created by the recent tariff announcements, Bitcoin has demonstrated a surprising level of resilience. Despite the significant volatility affecting traditional markets, Bitcoin maintained robust support around $80K, showcasing its ability to withstand external economic pressures. This stability is particularly noteworthy when compared to mainstream public equities, which experienced substantial declines in response to the tariffs.

The magnitude of Bitcoin's price drawdown was considerably less severe than that of many established stocks, highlighting its unique position in the financial ecosystem. While indices such as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite plummeted over 5%, Bitcoin's relatively mild decline suggests that investors may increasingly view it as a safe haven and alternative asset during times of economic uncertainty.

This resilience can be attributed to several factors. First, Bitcoin's decentralized nature allows it to operate independently of traditional market dynamics and geopolitical influences, making it less susceptible to the same shocks that impact equities tied to physical goods and international trade. Additionally, the growing acceptance of cryptocurrencies as a legitimate asset class has bolstered investor confidence, leading to a more stable demand for Bitcoin, even in volatile environments. In particular, Strategy’s (formerly MicroStrategy) continued accumulation of Bitcoin and BlackRock’s launch of ETP products in Europe continues to cement Bitcoin’s unique position in equity portfolio allocation.

Furthermore, the current market sentiment indicates a shift in the way that investors perceive Bitcoin, particularly as an effective hedge against inflation and geopolitical risks. As traditional markets grapple with the ramifications of aggressive tariff policies, Bitcoin's ability to hold steady at the $80K level may attract more institutional interest, reinforcing its position as a viable alternative investment.

In conclusion, Bitcoin's resilience within the tariff-induced volatility not only highlights its potential as a digital asset, but also suggests a broader acceptance among investors seeking diversification and stability in uncertain economic times. This comparative strength against mainstream equities could signal a pivotal moment in the evolution of cryptocurrency as a mainstream financial instrument. 

Advanced

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Bybit x Santiment: Tariffs-led whipsaw solidifies Bitcoin’s resilience

Our weekly crypto derivatives analytics report delves into macro events; the current state of crypto and trading signals from spot trading volume; and futures, options and perpetual contracts.

As markets near US president Trump's "Liberation Day" for tariffs, crypto remains volatile. BTC has dropped from a local high of $88K to $82K amid signs that tariffs will affect many countries. Implied volatility has spiked and then eased. Other derivatives market metrics show that BTC and ETH volatility smile skews remain significantly skewed toward puts, a level last seen in March 2023.

Please check out the report’s highlights.

BTC options show signs last seen in March 2023

As crypto prices remain highly correlated with macro-sensitive assets, the week began with a surge in short-tenor implied volatility for BTC and ETH. The sell-off continued as President Trump announced tariffs affecting about 90 countries. BTC's front-end volatility quickly fell below longer maturities, and short-dated volatility smiles briefly favored OTM puts, reminiscent of levels seen during the March 2023 US banking crisis. 

SOL options remain the least traded among major cryptocurrencies (i.e., BTC and ETH), but there was a significant rise in call options this week, dominating both volume and open interest. Following the Mar 28, 2025 expirations, many contracts weren’t reopened, with the notional size of call contracts decreasing from over $3.2M to around $2.5M. However, there has been a slight increase in the notional size of open put options, as traders respond to a continued decline from the January all-time high of $250.

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Bybit X Block Scholes crypto derivatives analytics report (Apr 2, 2025): BTC option skews show a bearish sign last seen in 2023

Fidelity recently announced that it would be launching its own stablecoin, to be pegged to the US dollar. Learn more here.

After first making headlines upon filing paperwork for its very own money market fund, Fidelity seems to be taking the next step toward this grand goal by issuing its own 

 pegged to the US dollar could be the start of a multi-stage scheme to help crypto achieve mainstream adoption.

If you're new to fund-issued stablecoins, or perhaps a crypto beginner whose attention has been piqued, you might be wondering how Fidelity’s stablecoin could impact the crypto market. From highlighting how the Fidelity stablecoin differs from its other fiat-backed counterparts (e.g., 

) to elaborating on the possible motives for launching it, here's everything you need to know about the proposed Fidelity stablecoin.

Founded in 1946, Fidelity Investments has built a reputation as a leader in financial services. To date, it's managed trillions of dollars in assets for individuals and institutions alike. 

Known for its innovative approach to investing, Fidelity has consistently stayed ahead of the curve by embracing new technologies and trends. From mutual funds to retirement accounts, it's fair to say that Fidelity is a trusted name in finance, and has successfully established its presence, thanks to its storied legacy in financial services.

Fidelity’s foray into crypto isn’t new. With the demand for digital asset services growing larger over time, the company has quietly been building its presence in the crypto space through 

 since 2018, with dedicated service that provides custody and trading services for institutional and individual investors.

By launching its own stablecoin, Fidelity is taking this commitment toward 

 innovation to the next level, signaling its belief in the long-term growth potential of digital assets.

Like many of its popular stablecoin counterparts, Fidelity’s stablecoin is pegged to the US dollar. This ensures price stability, a critical feature for traders looking to mitigate risk amid 

. Built on blockchain technology, this stablecoin is ostensibly designed to integrate seamlessly with Fidelity’s broader ecosystem of tokenized financial products. This means users can expect a secure, efficient and transparent digital asset that aligns with Fidelity’s high standards.

 like Tether’s USDT and Circle’s USDC dominate the market, Fidelity’s offering brings something unique to the table: trust. As a regulated financial institution with decades of experience, Fidelity offers a level of credibility that few other stablecoin issuers can match. Furthermore, its focus on regulatory compliance positions it as a safer alternative for both retail and institutional investors.

Fidelity’s stablecoin represents a deliberate effort to integrate its institutional expertise with blockchain’s efficiencies. By creating a dollar-pegged digital asset, the firm aims to serve as a trusted intermediary for clients navigating both traditional and crypto markets. Moreover, the Fidelity Digital Assets division has already laid the groundwork through Bitcoin custody services and 

. The proposed stablecoin extends this infrastructure, allowing institutional investors to transition seamlessly between volatile cryptocurrencies and stable-value instruments without exiting Fidelity’s ecosystem.

The stablecoin market has grown exponentially, surpassing $200 billion in 2025. This surge is largely being driven by demand for volatility hedging and cross-border payment efficiency. Fidelity recognizes that traders and institutions increasingly require reliable on-ramps between fiat and crypto. Its stablecoin offers a compliant alternative to incumbents, such as Tether and Circle, who face lingering skepticism about reserve transparency. By entering this space, Fidelity would not only meet immediate demand, but position itself as a leader in institutional-grade digital assets, thus appealing to risk-averse entities.

The US regulatory landscape under the current administration has shifted decisively toward crypto-friendly policies, and the Stablecoin Innovation Act and the GENIUS Act are advancing through Congress, aiming to establish clear rules for reserve backing and 

 compliance. Designed with Treasury reserves and audit transparency, Fidelity’s stablecoin aligns with these impending standards. By proactively adopting regulatory best practices, Fidelity avoids the scrutiny faced by Tether — and positions its stablecoin as a “gold standard” for institutional adoption.

Stablecoins generate revenue through interest earned on reserve assets. For example, Tether reported over $6 billion in net income in 2024 from its treasury holdings. Fidelity already manages $80 billion in its Treasury Digital Fund, and can potentially monetize its stablecoin reserves while offering competitive yields to clients. This creates a dual revenue stream, consisting of fees from asset management and interest from stablecoin reserves.

The stablecoin market remains dominated by Tether and Circle, but their retail-focused models leave room for institutional alternatives. Fidelity’s brand reputation, combined with its existing relationships with hedge funds and pension plans, gives it a unique edge. For example, its stablecoin could integrate directly with retirement accounts, allowing 401k participants to allocate to crypto without custody risks. This differentiation is critical as rivals like BlackRock and Franklin Templeton expand their tokenized offerings.

While details are still scarce, the following are some likely use cases for the Fidelity stablecoin.

Using Fidelity’s stablecoin for staking

One of the most exciting use cases for Fidelity’s stablecoin is staking. For traders and investors, staking offers an opportunity to 

 by locking up their assets in support of blockchain networks. With Fidelity’s stablecoin, users could stake their holdings with confidence, knowing they’re backed by one of the most trusted names in finance.

Enhancing market liquidity and capital efficiency

Fidelity’s stablecoin is also expected to enhance liquidity across trading platforms. By providing a reliable medium of exchange that 

 fiat currency and digital assets, this stablecoin could streamline trading operations and reduce transaction costs, creating a win-win for traders and exchanges.

Facilitating real-world asset (RWA) tokenization

Fidelity's stablecoin is strategically positioned to drive the tokenization of RWAs by democratizing access through fractional ownership of commodities and real estate, thus streamlining the trading and settlement of tokenized securities as a stable exchange medium. This could ultimately foster a more efficient and transparent payment ecosystem for tokenized goods and services.

How will this impact the current crypto landscape?

Legitimization and mainstream adoption of crypto

Fidelity's established reputation within traditional finance lends significant credibility to the crypto space. This legitimacy can alleviate concerns among mainstream investors who have been hesitant, due to perceived risks or a lack of understanding. By offering a regulated stablecoin, Fidelity signals that digital assets are becoming a legitimate part of the broader financial landscape, encouraging greater participation from institutional and retail investors alike. This increased confidence can lead to wider adoption of crypto-related products and services, integrating them into everyday financial transactions.

Market stabilization and increased liquidity

The substantial capital that Fidelity brings to the market can significantly increase liquidity, reducing price volatility and making crypto assets more attractive to traditional investors. Increased liquidity facilitates smoother trading and reduces the risk of significant price swings, creating a more stable and predictable market environment.

Fidelity's involvement encourages dialogue between regulators and established financial institutions, leading to clearer and more comprehensive regulatory frameworks for stablecoins and other digital assets. By leveraging its existing compliance and risk management expertise, Fidelity can contribute to the development of robust security standards and best practices for the crypto industry. This increased regulatory clarity and security can reduce the risk of fraud and market manipulation, fostering greater trust and confidence among investors.

he introduction of a regulated stablecoin from a trusted institution can accelerate the integration of traditional financial products and services into the 

 (DeFi) space. Such integration can lead to the development of innovative financial instruments, such as tokenized securities and decentralized lending platforms, bridging the gap between TradFi and DeFi while allowing for far greater capital efficiency within the DeFi space.

Driving crypto infrastructure standardization

Fidelity's participation can drive the development of standardized infrastructure and interoperability protocols, facilitating seamless transactions across different blockchain networks and traditional financial systems. This standardization could improve the efficiency and scalability of the crypto market, thereby enabling greater adoption and integration with existing financial infrastructure.

What are the challenges that Fidelity may face?

While Fidelity's late entry into the stablecoin market is promising, due to its institutional credibility and regulatory focus, it does face substantial challenges. At the top of the list of Fidelity’s potential challenges: competing with established stablecoin giants like USDT and USDC will require Fidelity to demonstrate superior transparency, security and seamless integration of the Fidelity stablecoin within existing ecosystems. 

Building trust with a potentially hesitant crypto native demographic and overcoming established network effects will also require strategic partnerships, competitive incentives and a flawless track record in maintaining a stable peg to the US dollar.

The regulatory environment surrounding stablecoins is rapidly evolving. Recent developments such as the 

 (GENIUS) Act signal a more favorable stance toward crypto in the United States. For companies like Fidelity, this creates an opportunity to innovate within clear regulatory frameworks while addressing concerns around transparency and accountability. However, this evolving legislative landscape doesn't mean that Fidelity is out of the woods yet. This is especially so because regulations aren’t uniform across all jurisdictions. Therefore, Fidelity will need to demonstrate regulatory agility and adaptability to navigate these varying requirements.

Lastly, while there’s speculation that the Fidelity stablecoin could play a huge part in the company’s tokenized money market fund offering, there’s currently nothing set in stone. This is due to the inherent complexities of integrating a newly launched stablecoin into existing financial products, as well as the need to navigate potential regulatory hurdles related to that integration. Since Fidelity Digital Assets and 

 are two separate entities, there will likely be some coordination needed before Fidelity can incorporate its stablecoin into its onchain bond market.

Fidelity’s launch of its own stablecoin marks an important milestone in the evolution of digital finance. By combining stability with trust and regulatory compliance, this new offering has the potential to reshape the way traders interact with crypto. For beginners looking for a safe entry point into crypto, as well as experienced traders seeking reliable tools for staking and liquidity management, Fidelity’s stablecoin offers an enticing proposition. 

Likewise, for institutional traders, the proposed stablecoin provides a compliant and secure bridge between traditional finance and DeFi, unlocking new avenues for managing assets and diversifying portfolios. While challenges remain, Fidelity’s entry is poised to accelerate the integration of digital assets into mainstream finance, ultimately paving the way for wider adoption and innovation.

Intermediate

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Fidelity’s new stablecoin: A bold step into crypto stability

Learn how Amnis Finance (AMI) transforms APT staking with liquid staking solutions. Earn rewards, maintain liquidity, and explore DeFi opportunities seamlessly.

 (DeFi) enthusiasts passionate about exploring the endless opportunities in the crypto market.

, through which your assets are locked for a fixed period and can’t be used for other purposes, liquid staking solutions offer the flexibility to channel your staked assets to yield-generating ventures while preserving liquidity. 

One such platform is Amnis Finance, a pioneering liquid staking protocol on the 

 that provides investors with yield-bearing tokens to leverage DeFi opportunities.

 is a liquid staking platform on the Aptos blockchain whose users can stake their APT tokens and earn rewards through DeFi activities, such as 

Offering a staking APR of 8.02%, Amnis is exclusive to Aptos, a 

 with superior technology known as Move, designed for scalability, security and low-cost transactions.

Through Amnis, those who hold APT (the native token for the Aptos network) can stake their tokens and receive tokens of equivalent value, which they can now use for trading and investing opportunities without unstaking their locked tokens.

Furthermore, Amnis has created new financial instruments that are attractive to institutional investors. These instruments use a yield tokenization concept that splits tokens into yield-bearing and principal tokens.

At the heart of Amnis Finance’s operations is an innovative staking structure designed to provide the involved parties with efficient and flexible investing. Amnis system is powered by smart contracts that enable APT token holders to effortlessly maximize returns without having to lock their capital or run a validator’s node.

The basic architecture of Amnis is composed of the following components:

, it issues amAPT. The user can then use these tokens to participate in the Aptos DeFi ecosystem, or stake them on Amnis to receive stAPT tokens and generate rewards.

, maintaining a 1:1 peg with APT. Users who stake their APT tokens through Amnis Finance receive an equivalent amount of amAPT, which can be utilized across various DeFi platforms without forfeiting staking rewards. This design ensures that users retain flexibility and can engage in activities such as lending, borrowing and liquidity provision, while their assets continue to generate staking yields.

 that allows investors to instantly withdraw their amAPT tokens. This convenient withdrawal feature helps them bypass the 14-day waiting period common with traditional staking.

Amnis Finance has established a reserve mechanism to ensure price stabilization in case of market surges. When necessary, the platform may buy back amAPT, and the profits are transferred to the Amnis treasury.

For users seeking to maximize their staking returns, stAPT offers an auto-compounding yield-bearing option. By depositing amAPT into the stAPT vault, users receive stAPT tokens that represent their share in the staking pool.

As staking rewards accumulate, the value of stAPT increases proportionately, eliminating the need for manual restaking and providing a seamless way to enhance staking yields over time.

Beyond its dual-token model, Amnis Finance introduces an innovative approach to yield optimization through yield tokenization. This process involves 

 yield-bearing assets (such as stAPT) into standardized yield tokens (SY), which are then divided into principal tokens (PT) and yield tokens (YT).

The PT token represents the original value of the staked asset, and can be redeemed at a 1:1 ratio upon maturity, while YT signifies the portion of interest generated over time. This segmentation allows users to tailor their investment strategies by separately managing principal and yield components, offering greater control and flexibility in crafting financial outcomes.

 for the Amnis Finance ecosystem. It’s designed to ensure a balanced ecosystem on the network. AMI token holders can propose changes and vote on key matters regarding the operation of Amnis Finance. AMI is also used as an incentive to promote the adoption of the Amnis Finance liquid staking ecosystem.

Amnis Finance has a total supply of 1 billion AMI tokens, allocated as follows:

Furthermore, Amnis Finance has a token emission schedule (spread over 48 months) that’s designed to facilitate decentralization, ensure balanced distribution and incentivize participants. The vesting schedule is shown below:

 to reward its early adopters and active contributors to its ecosystem. The details of the AMI airdrop are as follows.

30 million AMI tokens were set aside for the Amnis Retroactive Airdrop, in which 10,000 users received rewards for their participation (based on their rankings). The snapshot for those who qualify for this airdrop ran from Nov 7, 2023, to Mar 25, 2025.

Eligibility was determined based on accumulated retroactive points earned through various activities, such as minting APT to amAPT on Amnis, providing amAPT/APT liquidity on platforms like Liquidswap and PancakeSwap, and depositing stAPT with Aries Markets.

In addition to the Retroactive Airdrop, Amnis Finance has allocated 5 million AMI for holders of Draconian NFTs, with each NFT granting its holder 1,500 AMI tokens.

Furthermore, to commemorate its token generation event (TGE) and honor community support, Amnis Finance launched an Exclusive TGE NFT Airdrop campaign. This initiative allows participants to earn rare NFTs and claim a share of a 1 million AMI reward pool. The claiming period for Exclusive TGE NFT holders began on Apr 2, 2025, and will remain open for 12 months.

 on Bybit’s Spot trading platform. To celebrate this listing, Bybit is holding two Token Splash events in which a total of 

Amnis Finance is revolutionizing the Aptos ecosystem by unlocking the full potential of the APT token through liquid staking. By converting APT into amAPT, users can earn staking rewards while they maintain liquidity and access to DeFi opportunities.

With added benefits like a Retroactive Airdrop and NFT-based rewards, Amnis incentivizes active participation and long-term engagement. As the platform continues to grow, it’s empowering users to put their APT to work more efficiently, increasing both flexibility and yield.

Whether you're a DeFi enthusiast or a long-term holder, Amnis Finance is a powerful tool for maximizing your Aptos staking potential.

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Amnis Finance (AMI): Maximizing APT potential with a liquid staking protocol

Bybit Learn

Trading

Find out more about the different crypto trading fees that exist and discover exactly which exchange is the best for your trading needs.

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Part 1: What Are Crypto Trading Fees & Why Do We Need to Pay Them?

Crypto trading fees are an intrinsic part of cryptocurrency exchanges. The fees are often paid to receive various kinds of trading and investment services on the exchange. The following guide will help you understand how these charges impact your bottom line.

Crypto trading fees are collected by a crypto exchange when a user trades crypto, completes a transaction or invests in a crypto-related financial instrument.

Depending on the service, crypto platforms charge different kinds of fees. You can often view the fee structure on the 

 page published by the particular crypto exchange.

For instance, buying and selling a crypto coin incurs fees which can range between 0.05% and 0.25% of the transaction volume. Similarly, each time you withdraw a coin, you may need to pay a crypto withdrawal fee for transferring the coin to another online wallet. If you're an active investor who participates in different types of lucrative investment programs, you may be asked to pay investment fees.

To attract new customers, crypto exchanges typically run promotions so that new account holders can receive discounts on standard fees. For example, new users may receive a sign-up bonus when they trade a certain amount, which may offset their trading fees. Similarly, existing customers can enjoy attractive discounts by trading more, thus climbing up the various tiers reserved for loyal customers.

When you open an account on a crypto exchange, you're likely charged the standard retail fee, which is higher as compared to VIP tiers. Therefore, becoming a VIP member can save you a lot on typical crypto trading fees.

Almost every crypto exchange offers some kind of VIP program. Each one usually includes multiple VIP levels. However, the conditions to join can differ from platform to platform.

Generally, the most popular approach to becoming a VIP is to execute a minimum amount of crypto trading within 30 days. The more you trade, the higher the VIP level. For example, non-VIP members usually pay a 0.10% fee on spot crypto transactions compared to VIPs, who pay less than half that amount.

Trading a minimum amount of crypto is just one way to achieve VIP status. Depending on the crypto exchange, there are other methods as well. With Bybit, you can become a VIP in multiple ways. For instance, you can reach 

 by keeping more than $50,000 in your account. As soon as you meet this requirement, you’ll automatically be upgraded to VIP 1 or higher, based on your account balance or trading volume, in one to two business days. 

Bybit is also one of the few crypto trading platforms that allow users to achieve VIP status without waiting for the 30-day transition period. If you're an active trader on another crypto exchange, you can either 

 or talk to a Bybit customer support rep to bypass the 30-day rule. 

Recently, crypto exchanges have introduced several new investment products exclusive to the crypto ecosystem. This means that you’ll likely encounter plenty of DeFi projects with their own fee structures. To make things a little easier, we've compiled a brief guide to the types of crypto trading fees you're likely to come across.

 is vital to perpetual contracts. If you trade 

, you need to pay a funding fee to other traders, or receive it from them. In most cases, the funding fee is calculated every eight hours, which means that you can either pay or receive the fee three times during the entire day.

At the time of funding, if the perpetual future price is lower than the actual spot price (of the underlying asset), short position holders pay the funding fees to long position holders, and vice versa.

Just to give you some idea, the average funding rate for BTC is usually less than 0.01% per funding rate interval. This rate can differ across different crypto platforms. For example, the BTC funding rate on Bybit is generally a fraction of funding rates on other exchanges.

Depending on how you intend to use the funding fee, you can receive regular funding fees from other traders, use the funding rate for arbitrage, or treat it as just another fee you need to pay to trade perpetual futures contracts.

If you’re wondering what transaction fees are in crypto, remember that most crypto exchanges use the 

, instead of charging fixed transaction fees. These maker and taker fees are the fees that you pay for opening and closing your positions.

In simpler terms, you're charged a maker fee for every 

. Usually, the maker fee is less than the taker fee, because when you place a limit order on the crypto exchange, you automatically become a liquidity provider. Since limit orders aren’t executed immediately, they sit in the order book, which improves liquidity.

In contrast, the taker fee is usually higher than the maker fee. Generally, you pay a taker fee on all market orders. Since trade execution on the market order is instant, your order doesn't sit in the order book, which takes away liquidity. In this case, therefore, you're charged a taker fee because you're removing liquidity from the exchange.

 on all spot trading pairs, valid until Jan. 3, 2023. Users can enjoy trading with some of the newest tools on our Spot platform 

instead of paying the usual 0.10% maker and taker fees.

To promote perpetual and futures trading activities, Bybit offers large discounts on both maker and taker fees. The maker fee on futures trading is only 0.02% on standard accounts. 

Some exchanges use spread fees instead of the maker-taker fee model. The spread fee is determined by calculating the difference between the existing market price of a cryptocurrency and the amount the user pays to buy or sell it.

In most cases, spread fees are much higher than typical maker-taker fees. For instance, the average spread fee on cryptocurrency sales and purchases can be 0.5% on some exchanges, which is five times the fees charged by a typical crypto exchange using the maker-taker model.

The term "gas fee" is associated with transactions on the 

 blockchain network. While other blockchain networks simply call this a "transaction fee" or "miner fee," every such transaction on Ethereum is known as a “

Almost all actions on the Ethereum blockchain require gas. If you transfer ETH, or Ether, to another wallet, you need to pay a gas fee because the Ethereum blockchain is involved in the process.

Transferring ETH isn't expensive, and you don't need to pay a high gas fee unless the network is congested. However,

 and executing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain 

. In this case, the gas fee is much higher as compared to rival networks.

So, why do people pay a high gas fee to Ethereum? The answer is that it's easier to create smart contracts and build 

Crypto users need to pay withdrawal and deposit fees when moving cryptocurrency from one wallet address to another. The terms “withdrawal and deposit” may seem self-explanatory, but be sure never to ignore these fees. Exchanges may have different fees, and not every exchange offers the cheapest protocol to transfer assets between different wallets. In addition, there may be limitations regarding the minimum amount that you can transfer to take advantage of the lowest rates.

If you're an active trader who has multiple cryptos in your portfolio, your choice of transfer protocol (as well as potential limitations on withdrawals) can substantially impact the final price.

 as a way for users to earn passive income. Just as with a traditional savings account, you can stake your crypto or withdraw it at any time, although in some cases, you may need to pledge your coin for a certain duration before you can unlock it.

The staking reward for crypto coins is normally calculated via 

, depending upon the platform. Staking is popular among crypto traders because it tends to offer a much higher yield than investors can find at traditional financial institutions. For instance, staking USDT and other stablecoins on a crypto exchange is a great way to earn passive income without the risk of price fluctuations associated with volatile crypto markets. Oftentimes, the exchange will take a small percentage of your staking rewards, which is referred to as a staking fee.

A liquidation fee is charged when an investor is unable to fulfill the margin requirements for a leveraged position. In this case, the system automatically closes the open position and charges a liquidation fee.

When trading spots, you can't go short. However, certain crypto exchanges will let you trade with leverage by borrowing from other users. If you use this strategy, the system will automatically borrow from those lenders, place a trade and charge you spot margin trading fees.

You’ll encounter leverage fees when trading 

, instruments that don't have a typical settlement date. This also means that there’s no need to worry about margins and liquidation risks. Here are some 

You’re assessed copy trading fees when you opt to follow the trades of another investor. Most crypto platforms have some sort of 

 program, which lets users automatically mirror and execute the trades of veteran traders. Some exchanges don't charge a copy trading fee because the lead trader is paid a percentage of the follower’s profits.

A crypto loan fee is the regular interest payment that you pay to lenders. This is usually much lower than the fee for a traditional loan. Most crypto exchanges facilitate the borrowing and lending of crypto loans. Depending on the type of loan, this can be borrowing coins, cash or a physical asset, such as real estate.

NFT fees often involve a minting fee and a listing fee. A minting fee is usually incurred when you attempt to mint a new NFT. Since this requires miners to carry out resource-intensive computations, you’re required to pay a small fee to compensate them for helping you to record the transaction on the blockchain and complete the minting process. 

As its name suggests, a listing fee is incurred when you list an NFT on a platform. You may sometimes also be charged a fixed platform fee upon the sale of your NFT. 

Why Do We Need to Pay These Crypto Trading Fees?

First, it's important to understand that every financial institution, including banks, charges some sort of fee. More importantly, many of these fees are paid to cryptocurrency miners, whose vital work helps process transactions and secure blockchain networks.

Part 2: How to Choose the Best Crypto Exchange With the Lowest Crypto Trading Fees

Crypto Trading Fees: Comparing Crypto Fees Across Exchanges

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