Bitcoin hit a new all-time high in January 2025, experiencing a maximum drawdown of $36,000.

Bitcoin hit a new all-time high in January 2025, experiencing a maximum drawdown of $36,000. Remarkably, it took just three months for Bitcoin to recover. During this period, it showed more resilience than equities did. In contrast, altcoins have yet to make significant gains. 

 remains unchallenged in this market cycle. The main factor driving this trend is clear: institutional investors are increasingly investing in cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin is the primary beneficiary of this shift.

Bitcoin production is approximately 400 units daily, totaling around 36,000 units quarterly. In Q1 2025, Strategy alone acquired 81,875 units.

Since November 2024, the AUM of Spot Bitcoin ETFs has increased from $56 billion to $134 billion, equivalent to 780,000 units of additional spot Bitcoin purchase, assuming $100,000 per unit, suggesting 300,000 units per quarter.

Despite recent 13F disclosures that present a mixed picture: whereas the State of Wisconsin Investment Board (SWIB) sold its 3,400 BTC-equivalent holdings in BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (NASDAQ: IBIT), the Mubadala Investment Company of Abu Dhabi increased its holdings in IBIT from 4,700 to 5,000 BTC-equivalent.

Combining the additions from Spot Bitcoin ETFs and Strategy, we can clearly see that new production of Bitcoin can’t keep up with the demand, so that established Bitcoin holders have to give up their existing positions to new investors. What’s more, we haven’t yet counted the purchase of Bitcoin by Metaplanet or Semler Scientific, and more companies are expected to follow suit.

Nonetheless, we’ve seen most Bitcoin HODLers continue to hold, meaning existing investors tend not to sell their Bitcoin holdings — which puts pressure (known as a liquidity squeeze) on the liquidity supply of Bitcoin. 

Although Bitcoin’s scarcity has propelled it toward a new high, macro factors still matter. Despite its status as 

, in our view, Bitcoin remains a risky asset because it doesn’t generate cash flows as other equities do.

The US and China formally announced a 90-day reduction in tariff rates, with levies on Chinese goods falling to 30%. Negotiating a trade deal with China (arguably the most challenging negotiation on the US’s docket) resulted in a sustained period of renewed optimism that both Wall Street and crypto markets could benefit from. During that period, we saw a material shift in sentiment in Bitcoin’s derivatives market.

A Standard Chartered analyst predicts that the price of each Bitcoin unit will reach $120,000 by 2025. Several other analysts predict $200,000-per-unit BTC within 2025.

Bybit predicts a medium target of around $150,000, referencing the drawdown from the 2024 cycle.

For a long-term investor, it’s more fundamental to focus on the five-year target. 

 predicts a target of $300,000 by 2025. That said, it’s beneficial to take note of gold’s $22.5 trillion market cap. If Bitcoin had the same market capitalization as gold, it would be worth approximately $1 million per unit. In five years, even if it only matches half of gold’s market cap, Bitcoin’s target price will be $500,000.

Advanced

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Bybit Crypto Insights Report: Bitcoin is set to new highs in 2025 with a short-term target at $135,000

Bitcoin dominated the crypto bull runs of 2015-18 and 2019-22, but both cycles eventually shifted capital into altcoins, creating ‘Altseason’—a period of altcoin outperformance. 

Bitcoin dominated the crypto bull runs of 2015-18 and 2019-22, but both cycles eventually shifted capital into altcoins, creating ‘Altseason’—a period of altcoin outperformance. Ethereum, as the second-largest cryptocurrency, has typically led this rotation. However, the current cycle (2022-present) is unique, lacking a significant shift from Bitcoin to Ethereum, resulting in no sustained outperformance for ETH.

Historically, ETH surged from $8 to $1,448 between January 2017 and 2018, and from $738 to $4,800 by November 2021. Ethereum’s recent rally, beginning on May 7, 2025, raised questions about its 50% rise in a week and whether it signals an altseason. This report analyzes the current ETH breakout and contextualizes this rally against historical trends.

Ether’s outperformance doesnt suggest an altcoin season coming

Historically, crypto cycles start with Bitcoin reclaiming its all-time high, leading to a euphoric phase before a major crash. Capital then rotates from Bitcoin into Ethereum and other large-cap assets, usually about 200 days after a Bitcoin halving.

In early May 2025, we saw initial signs of euphoria, but Ethereum's rally has not achieved the market-cap dominance of previous cycles. Despite a recent 60% price increase, ETH is still nearly 50% below its 2021 peak and comprises only 9% of the total crypto market.

The recent uptick in ETH dominance coincides with a slight decline in Bitcoin dominance. However, drops of 5-7.2 percentage points are insufficient to signal an altseason, as historical declines typically range from 30-50 points. Therefore, we are not yet in a full altseason.

Pectra is not the primary catalyst behind Ether’s rise

Ethereum's recent rally has been largely attributed to the Pectra upgrade, launched on May 7, 2025. This upgrade enhances Ethereum’s transaction throughput and competitiveness against emerging Layer-1 blockchains. While initial analysis links ETH’s price surge to Pectra, historical patterns reveal that previous upgrades, like the Merge and Dencun, led to "sell-the-news" events rather than sustained rallies.

What sets Pectra apart is that ETH experienced a stronger rally post-upgrade, following a significant downturn in price. However, options market data complicates the narrative; the increase in implied volatility for ETH options indicates that traders were reacting to broader macroeconomic changes rather than just the upgrade itself. Notably, the volatility for short-term options surged after Pectra’s rollout, highlighting that market sentiment shifted in response to external factors.

Ethereum's rally beginning May 8, 2025, was not solely due to the Pectra upgrade; it coincided with President Trump's announcement of a trade deal with the UK, triggering risk-on sentiment in US equity and crypto markets. This led to a simultaneous rally in the S&P 500, Nasdaq-100, BTC, and ETH, with ETH surging over 23%—its largest single-day gain since May 2021.

Shortly after, the US and China announced reduced tariffs, enhancing market optimism. This shift was evident in ETH’s derivatives markets, where the 30-day futures implied yield surged above 15%, indicating strong demand for long positions. Notably, this bullishness stemmed from improving macro conditions rather than anticipation of Pectra.

Perpetual swap funding rates for ETH also stabilized above spot prices, reflecting robust demand for leveraged positions. Additionally, falling gold prices reinforced that the rally in risk assets, including Bitcoin and Ethereum, was driven by easing tariff uncertainties and shifting market sentiment.

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Bybit X Block Scholes Institution Report: Drivers and sentiments behind Ether’s recent breakout and how far it can go

In this article, we break down what contract for differences (CFDs) are, looking at how investors who want leveraged exposure to commodities, currencies, indices and stocks trade CFDs.

A contract for difference (CFD) is a popular investment product for investors who want leveraged exposure to commodities, currencies, indices or even stocks. It allows investors to gain exposure to an investment theme without having to own the underlying asset.

 between a buyer and a CFD broker through which the buyer can speculate on whether a contract price will rise or fall without owning the asset. The price of the CFD moves based on the underlying asset’s price movement

There are CFDs for multiple investment products — stocks, indices, commodities and currencies — available in many countries, including Australia and the UK. However, the SEC 

CFDs are a great option if you want access to an investment theme without owning the underlying asset. Investors can apply leverage, diversify their investment portfolios and even trade after traditional market hours.

A CFD is a contract between a buyer and seller in which both parties agree to pay the difference in the contract’s value once the contract is closed. CFDs can be based on the price movements of stocks, commodities and other financial products. The buyer determines how long the contract lasts and can keep it open as long as they meet the margin requirements.

Investors can initiate a short or long position in a financial product. Once the contract closes, the buyer either pays the CFD issuer if there is a loss or receives a payment if the trade is profitable.

Forex and commodity CFDs are two of the most popular types. These products allow investors to gain exposure to various currencies and commodities without having to pay for the underlying asset.

A forex CFD allows an investor to bet on the 

 of different currencies. Along with the CFD issuer, they agree to exchange the difference in the movement of a currency over a set period. For example, an investor could bet that the US dollar will outperform the Japanese yen. If the USD appreciates, the investor receives this profit. If it depreciates, the investor has to pay for the loss plus the broker fees.

A commodity CFD is similar, but this product 

 an investor to speculate on commodity price movements. There are CFD products for commodities like gold, silver, oil and agricultural products, and they are very popular because these physical commodities are more difficult to invest in.

Investors who don’t want to invest directly in stocks can instead invest in stock CFDs. Unlike with normal stock trading, investors do not have to buy the underlying stock.

One of the main benefits of stock CFDs is that investors can open leveraged short or long positions, and they can potentially earn higher returns without initiating a large position in a stock.

Difference between stock trading on spot and CFDs

Although the outcomes are similar, stock trading on spot and CFDs is 

. The main benefit of CFDs is that they enable you to use leverage. For example, if you want to place a $10,000 trade, you may only need $2,000 in capital.

On the other hand, spot stock trading takes place directly on major markets, like the New York Stock Exchange. When you invest using the spot market, your investment exposure matches the investment amount, and you own the underlying shares in your brokerage account.

Investors choose to trade CFDs over other products for 

: CFDs allow you to trade a variety of products, including currencies, stocks and commodities. Investors can access all these products in a single account, choosing to initiate long or short positions in them.

: Investors with smaller amounts of capital who want greater exposure to investments can take advantage of the leverage that CFDs offer. This can be a favorable investment strategy when managed properly.

: Investors can also access products in multiple global markets, further diversifying their portfolio. In some cases, you may even be able to 

 your portfolio. For example, if you are long Tesla, you can initiate a small short position in a CFD of this stock. You can do the same for other types of CFD products, which are all highly liquid.

Suppose that an investor wants to gain exposure to Coca-Cola’s stock without directly investing in the stock.

They can purchase a CFD that provides exposure to 100 shares at $71 per share, valued at $7,100. They don’t need to pay $7,100 — they only need to meet the margin requirement, which can be as low as $1,420 (20%, at 5x leverage).

If Coca-Cola’s share price increases by 10%, from $71 to $78.1 in 30 days, the investor can decide to close the contract. The gross profit from this trade, which the CFD pays to the investor, is calculated as follows:

(100*78.1) − (100*71) = $7,810 − $7,100 = $710

 other fees, such as the commission rate and financing charges. These charges may be as follows:

: 0.1% to open a trade and 0.1% to close it. In this case, the investor pays $14.91 in fees to open and close the position.

: If the CFD issuer charges an annual financing fee of 7.5%, the daily financing fee is calculated as follows:

CFDs may also charge other fees. The commission rates and financing charges can vary significantly, and some brokers may include the fee in the spread. The example above shows how financing costs could potentially eat into your profit, and how CFDs are generally better for short-term trades. Large downward movements can also easily threaten investors and force them to close their positions. Even a 10% drawdown would have been enough to force the investor to close this position.

This type of trading requires a lot of patience and education, since investing in CFDs can carry higher levels of risk, where even small movements can produce great losses.

Investors who trade CFDs generally initiate larger contract sizes for the extra leverage, which can be very risky if the asset moves in an unfavorable direction. Investors should ensure that they have stop losses in place so that they can exit the trade if necessary.

It is important to note that there are many fees associated with trading CFDs. The combination of fees and financing costs, which can add up over time, can eat away at any profits. CFD investors should also consider the 

Be sure to spend time researching the CFD issuer to ensure they are reputable and that they can fulfill their financial obligation.

Another factor to consider when choosing a CFD issuer is their 

. Consider the following factors carefully:

These costs can quickly add up and reduce your profits, and they can be particularly painful if the underlying asset moves in an unfavorable direction. The combination of leveraged declines and high fees may force investors to realize sharp losses quickly.

Investing in CFDs can be an excellent option for well-informed investors who want to diversify their portfolios and use leverage to aim for higher returns. Like all investments, it is important to understand your portfolio goals and risk tolerance and ensure that investing in CFDs is the best move for your portfolio.

 that it is offering new stock CFD trading services. Its initial offerings allow investors to choose from over 78 stocks, which include some of the leading blue-chip companies like Amazon, American Airlines, Apple and Tesla. With Bybit, you can utilize up to 5x leverage on these CFD trades.

 about how you can gain exposure to stocks, cryptocurrencies, precious metals, commodities and indices.

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What are contract for differences (CFDs)?

Plasma, a blockchain purpose-built for stablecoins and backed by Bitfinex and Founders Fund, will launch the first public sale of its XPL token using Echo's new token sale infrastructure, Sonar.

Daily top performer — WalletConnect (WCT)

The S&P 500 rose 2.05% on Tuesday, lifted by Trump’s delay of a 50% EU tariff and hopes for corporate-friendly policies. Investors now await Nvidia earnings and FOMC minutes for further market direction. Gold dropped 1.2% to $3,302 as Trump’s EU tariff delay lifted risk sentiment and the dollar, pressuring safe-haven demand. The Coindesk Indices, which tracks the broader crypto market, rose 1.18%, with Bitcoin and Ether up 0.71% and 4.14%, respectively in the past 24 hours. Trade these markets and more with up to 500x leverage on Bybit MT5 using this 

Today’s top performer is WCT up 31.4% after WalletConnect brings $WCT to Solana with key partner integrations.

WalletConnect (WCT), founded in 2018, is a secure, open-source protocol that links mobile wallets to DApps via QR code, using a decentralized network for reliable, scalable access across DeFi. WalletConnect 

 that its token $WCT is launching on Solana via Wormhole NTT, with initial partners including Phantom, Jupiter, Backpack, and Solflare.

Check out the latest prices, charts, and data of 

, a blockchain purpose-built for stablecoins and backed by Bitfinex and Founders Fund, will launch the first public sale of its XPL token using Echo's new token sale infrastructure, Sonar. The sale will distribute 10% of XPL at a $500M FDV, matching the valuation of Founders Fund’s equity investment. Participants earn allocations by depositing stablecoins into a Plasma vault on Ethereum, with tokens distributed after Mainnet Beta. XPL will secure consensus, power EVM execution, and support a Bitcoin bridge. Plasma also announced key partnerships in payments and DeFi to support its goal of global stablecoin adoption.

Yesterday, BTC spot ETFs saw a net outflow of $23.9 million, with $26.9 million pulled from GBTC and a $3.0 million inflow into non-GBTC funds.

, a decentralized stablecoin protocol, has launched its governance token, RESOLV, with a 10% supply airdrop available to eligible wallets until June 27. RESOLV holders can vote on protocol decisions and earn fee shares. The protocol also includes USR, an interest-bearing stablecoin, and RLP, an insurance fund token. USR is delta-neutral and backed by ETH, currently yielding 11% via stUSR. RLP offers a higher 18.3% yield. Resolv’s TVL stands at $422 million.

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Plasma to launch $XPL token sale via Echo’s Sonar at $500M valuation

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Altcoins

ATOM 2.0 has been gaining traction on crypto news, read on to find out what their new whitepaper and road map is about.

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The recent Cosmosverse event announced a highly anticipated Cosmos Hub white paper. Known as 

, the new road map goes through several key details on changes to the Cosmos Hub and how this would impact the 

This overall vision is known as the 'Internet of blockchains' and is coming to fruition with the implementation of this road map. Today, multiple sovereign blockchains are able to communicate with each other and improve the 

 is one prime example of a blockchain that has a 

 that allows you to swap various Cosmos assets that were sent in from other Cosmos chains and can eventually be integrated with other protocols. Another example would be 

 for the entire Cosmos ecosystem that leverages the interoperability and composability provided by Cosmos.

Now that you have some context, let's compare the difference between ATOM 1.0 and ATOM 2.0, and take a look at the future of Cosmos.

Building The Foundation Of Cosmos Hub — ATOM 1.0

The Cosmos Hub's initial role was to create the technologies and frameworks needed to kickstart the internet of blockchains, and thus it created the Cosmos SDK, IBC, 

, various interchain modules, etc, which are core open-source primitives for the blockchains that are now part of the Cosmos ecosystem. 

Note: ‘Cosmos Hub’ refers to the Layer 1 blockchain in the ‘Cosmos’ ecosystem, with 

as its governance token. 'Cosmos' refers to the ecosystem of various app chains with their own governance token.

Cosmos is also known as a Layer 0 blockchain that allowed other blockchains to be built on it. These blockchains are Cosmos chains and are built with the Cosmos SDK, which is a toolkit that helps developers make it easier to create customized 

 tailored to their needs without reinventing everything from scratch. 

The Cosmos SDK caught on and many developers went to build on it to create their own customized blockchain. For example, there are chains that are tailored for 

and Osmosis, or other chains that focus on specific features such as 

These are also known as app chains which as similar to 

. What makes them interesting is that because they are their own modular chain, activities that happen on each chain won't congest other chains unlike in 

, which is a monolithic chain. This means if a hyped NFT mint is happening on Stargaze, users can still do other transactions such as trading and yield farming on another chain such as Carbon, without having to pay insane gas fees like on Ethereum.

Now that the foundations of the internet of blockchains have been built with multiple blockchains live for quite some time and working together, and billions of capital locked across multiple chains, the Cosmos Hub is now moving on to a new role - helping a growing ecosystem of 

blockchains to flourish while maintaining relevance. 

This will be done using four new technology called Interchain Security (ICS), Liquid Staking, Interchain Scheduler, and Interchain Allocator that sits on top of the 

Interchain Security will transform the Cosmos Hub into a secure platform for others to build the next generation of interchain-native infrastructure and 

, paving the way for new cross-chain opportunities and innovation.

To explain what ICS is, we first need to briefly understand how blockchain security for Cosmos chains works. 

Cosmos blockchains are PoS blockchains, and thus their security is determined by the economic value of the staked assets from the chain validators. Basically, the higher the 

 of the token, the more validators there are, and the harder it is to attack the chain. An attacker would require more capital to take over or attack the network.

However, the issue is that maintaining a high market cap to prevent an attack is not easy for all blockchains, especially newer blockchains. When a new chain is created, it may still be finding its product-market fit and may also struggle to get validators as they may not see value in the chain and would not

their capital to buy the chain's PoS asset and stake it to secure it.

To counteract this, many new Cosmos chains initially offer high inflationary rewards to incentivize validators to buy and stake. But this creates high selling pressure on the token price over time, and it may repel investors from buying the token knowing that there is a lot of 

pressure. And over time, if the token market cap drops too much from dumping, it again faces an increased risk of attack, and the blockchain is back to round one again.

This is where Interchain Security comes in. Interchain Security allows the validator set of a bigger chain, known as a 

, to provide security to the smaller chain, known as a 

, in exchange, the provider chain receives some of the gas fees and staking rewards from the consumer chain.

For example, an established chain such as the Cosmos Hub can secure a newer chain like 

with the interchain security mechanism. This would allow the validator set on Cosmos to produce blocks on the Quicksilver chain. It also uses ATOM as a 

, so if a user misbehaves on the Quicksilver chain, their ATOM would automatically be slashed on the Hub.

The provider chain may also have its core functionality to be built on a consumer chain and receive financing for its infrastructure build-out, allowing it to cut down on its own development cost and time. 

Therefore, Quicksilver would be able to import the entire economic security of the Cosmos Hub, currently secured by billions worth of staked ATOM and one of the most secure validator sets in the Cosmos ecosystem, in exchange for 

 and staking rewards. These rewards would then be given to ATOM stakers, increasing the value accrual for ATOM as well as allowing the Cosmos Hub to use and integrate with Quicksilver's liquid staking functionality.

Additionally, ICS is purely optional and can be opted out of even after using it. This mechanism can be used for the early stages of a protocol to provide stakeholders with 

Just like how there are thousands of apps that people all over the world are using right now, in the future, if there are thousands of app chains that appear that are being secured by the Cosmos Hub validator set, it could generate a lot of value back to the ATOM token. 

Interchain Security also reduces the barriers and costs of entry for consumer chains and enables a number of potential applications, including: 

In summary, Interchain Security gives smaller chains a faster, easier, and cheaper path to market, helping to foster innovation and allowing more integrations and collaborative opportunities with other chains in Cosmos. 

The other technology layer is called Liquid Staking which will also help to provide secure economic scaling.

In PoS blockchains like Cosmos Hub, its staked assets are not able to be used, which affects cross-chain composability. Liquid staking would allow users to use their staked collateral, such as staked ATOM, as a liquid token that can be traded with and sent across other Cosmos chains.

This increases the user's capital efficiency by unlocking additional capital, while still securing the network as their ATOM remains staked. The concept is similar to liquid staked ETH from 

 (stETH), which was hugely popular and successful and was accepted as collateral by multiple 

It would be easy to imagine a liquid staked ATOM achieving a similar level of success in the cosmos ecosystem as well, allowing users to earn ATOM staking rewards while interacting with other DeFi protocols. Liquid staking would extend not only to ATOM but other PoS cosmos assets as well. 

While Interchain Security enables the reuse of the same validator set and staked collateral to secure additional state machines. Liquid Staking would enable the reuse of the same staked collateral for other purposes. 

Together, Interchain Security and Liquid Staking create a secure base layer for projects to build on, furthering the growth of Cosmos app chains and activities.

The Cosmos ecosystem is made up of various 

that list the same assets. ATOM can be on multiple chains, and as they trade in the market, their prices can vary from one chain to another, similar to how ATOM's price varies slightly across different exchanges. This introduces a lot of arbitrage opportunities, where arbitrageurs will find 

offering the same token but at different prices, and will arbitrage the token prices so that they average out and earn a profit in exchange. This is a type of maximal extractable value (MEV) opportunity. 

There are two other common forms of MEV apart from arbitrage:

This MEV market can be made more efficient, more secure, and more lucrative for Cosmos chains and their users. The interchain needs a secure block space market to avoid off-chain cartelization and more options for chains seeking to optimize the use of block space. 

Existing MEV solutions on Ethereum like Flashbots’ are off-chain markets, however, it lacks 

 transparency. Interchain Scheduler brings MEV markets on-chain, facilitating a fairer and more transparent system. 

The Cosmos Hub used ATOM to fund the development of Cosmos' core components to reach the success that it has today. Funding is key during the initial phases of any ecosystem. Thus, when the next 

 begins, the Cosmos ecosystem may have many new chains appearing. In order to sustain and see the full impacts of the rapid growth, the current approach to on-chain monetary coordination may not be efficient enough to facilitate the needs of these new chains. 

Hence the Interchain Allocator was created. It is a platform for allocating capital to delegated parties to incentivize long-term alignment by bootstrapping users and 

for new chains. Essentially it attempts to create more 'symbiosis' where the more 'Coin A' that Cosmos Hub holds in its treasury, and the more ATOM that 'Chain A' holds in its treasury, the more aligned they are in incentives and goals.   

The Allocator provides two tools that enable incentive-aligned communities to develop strategies for economic coordination on behalf of the Cosmos Hub: 

and use the Interchain Allocator to achieve its goals, which include: 

The ATOM token does not have a maximum supply and issues inflationary token rewards to incentivize a target supply of the amount of ATOM staked. 

For example, when many ATOMs are being staked and the ratio is above two-thirds of its total supply, it will reduce the inflation to a minimum of 7%, and if lesser ATOMs are being staked and the staking ratio is below two-thirds of the total supply, it will increase inflation as high as 20%. As of the time of writing, ATOM inflation rate is around 18% and a 

of 311.8 million tokens with a market cap of $3.6 billion.

The upcoming liquid staking feature will increase the capital efficiency of staked ATOM by allowing it to be utilized while still being staked. Thus, the current monetary policy is being modified as users do not have to choose between staking their ATOM or using it in other 

As such, a new monetary policy is proposed which involves a 

The transitory phase begins with a significant increase in issuance that lasts for 36 months (3 years) before reaching a steady issuance rate that lasts indefinitely. The issuance rate starts at 10 million ATOM per month before declining until an issuance rate of 300,000 ATOM per month. You can view the 

The goal is to gradually remove security subsidies, starting from the current rate and decreasing by 10% every month for 36 months. By the end of this period, it is hoped that revenue from Interchain Security will meet or exceed the original subsidy and that the small inflation of 300,000 ATOM per month is negligible. 

This initial heightened issuance is meant to bootstrap the new Cosmos Hub Treasury that will be used to support and expand the network for the next few years. 

However there are arguments that this new issuance will be detrimental to ATOM stakers as 2/3 of the inflation will go towards the treasury and only 1/3 of it will go to stakers, and during the steady phase, all of the issuances will go to the treasury and none to stakers. Not to mention, the existing treasury has at least $60 million according to their public wallets, and issuing 10 million ATOM at the current price is over $100 million in market cap which could cause investors to worry about dilution even though the bulk of it goes into the treasury and are not circulating. 

This has stirred up some debates which will hopefully be addressed down the line before the proposal gets implemented. 

Currently, Cosmos Hub’s transaction fees are sent to the distribution module and divided between the Community Pool, delegators, and validators. The implementation of Interchain Security will add another stream of revenue from each consumer chain to the distribution module, which will replace the current security subsidy. 

The Cosmos ecosystem has grown a lot and has come a long way from the initial phases of pre-IBC and individual chains unable to communicate with each other. There is now a vibrant ecosystem of cross-chain transactions and interoperability, and this composability will only increase as more cross-chain dapps are created. 

With the addition of interchain security, liquid staking, interchain scheduler, and allocator, there will be more value accrual towards ATOM stakers, although it would be difficult to predict how much value these features could generate and if it is enough to offset the inflation of ATOM. 

Cosmos ATOM 2.0 White Paper: The All-New Road Map Explained

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Cosmos ATOM 2.0 White Paper: The All-New Road Map Explained

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